Semi-arid savanna grasslands (SG) in India deliver enormous benefits to people and nature and can also act as natural carbon sinks, but they are currently undergoing large-scale degradation. Carbon stocks in degraded SGs vary in response to a host of potential environmental and anthropogenic driving factors, and their response to ecosystem restoration through the planting of native grass species is largely unknown. In this project, we want to undertake a state-level investigation of soil and above-ground biomass carbon to provide robust estimates of carbon densities in Open Natural Ecosystems (ONEs)