Aravind N.A. and Anushree Jadhav

Molluscs, the second most abundant phylum after arthropods, exhibit a remarkable diversity spanning many ecosystems. They range from the depths of the oceans to the Himalayan snow-clad mountains and from tropical rainforest to deserts and subarctic and subantarctic habitats. Notably, they are absent from the Antarctic landmass. With an estimated 86,436 species identified to date, molluscs are integral to ecosystems as water filters, nutrient recyclers, prey for numerous animals, a source of sustenance for humans, and a means of livelihood for millions of people across the globe.