NE India supports diverse ethnic communities rich in traditional ecological knowledge crucial for managing the rich biological resources. The region is also home to many wild relatives of cultivated plants. Wild gingers/ turmeric, cardamom, pepper, cucurbits, banana, tuberous aroids, yams, bamboos, etc., are a few examples that have been used for domestication and crop improvement while many more remain untapped. These wild plant biological resources contribute substantially to the subsistence and livelihoods of diverse communities. We document the wild plant biological resources and the associated knowledge and trade related information. The outputs could support planning for improving the health and livelihoods of people from the NE region.